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....if the superscription of the book of Zephaniah is a reliable indicator of the time that the bulk of the book was composed, then Zephaniah was a contemporary of the prophet Jeremiah (or Jeremias). King Josiah ruled over Judah from approximately 640-609 BC (know to be written). Some scholars believe that the picture of Jerusalem which Zephaniah gives indicates that he was active prior to the religious reforms of King Josiah which are described in 2 Kings 23. These reforms took place in 622 BC. Scholars also cite the reference to “the officials and the king’s sons . . .” in 1:8 as evidence that the kingdom was still ruled by a regent for Josiah. The portrait of foreign nations in chapter 2 also indicates the late seventh century. Zephaniah was probably the first prophet following the prophecies of Isaiah and the violent reign of Manasseh. Both Zephaniah and Jeremiah urged King Josiah to enact religious reforms, which he eventually did.
The Book of Daniel, written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a book in both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the Christian Old Testament. The book is set during the Babylonian Captivity, a period when Jews were deported and exiled to Babylon. The book revolves around the figure of Daniel, an Israelite who becomes an adviser to Nebuchadnezzar, the ruler of Babylon from 605 - 562 BC.
The date of composition is disputed among scholars and is difficult to determine due to the lack of personal information about Obadiah, his family, and his historical milieux. The date of composition must therefore be determined based on the prophecy itself. Edom is to be destroyed due to its lack of defense for its brother nation, Israel, when it was under attack. There are two major historical contexts within which the Edomites could have committed such an act. These are during 853 – 841 BC when Jerusalem was invaded by Philistines and Arabs during the reign of Jehoram (recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-20 in the Christian Old Testament) and 605 – 586 BC when Jerusalem was attacked by King Nebuchadnezzer of Babylon, which led to the Babylonian exile of Israel. The earlier period would place Obadiah as a contemporary of the prophet Elisha, and the later would place Obadiah as a contemporary of the prophet Jeremiah, both of whom were prophets in the respective time periods. The later period appears to be the scholarly consensus as Obadiah 1-9 parallels Jeremiah 49:7-22. The passage in Jeremiah dates from the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim (604 BC), and therefore Obadiah 11-14 seems to refer to the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzer (586 BC) This is the best date
The Book of Ezekiel gives little detail about Ezekiel's life. In it, he is mentioned only twice by name: 1:3 and 24:24. Ezekiel is a priest, the son of Buzi (my contempt), and his name means "God will strengthen". He was one of the Israelite exiles, who settled at a place called Tel-abib, on the banks of the Chebar, "in the land of the Chaldeans." The place is thus not identical to the modern city Tel Aviv, which is, however, named after it. He was probably carried away captive with Jehoiachin (1:2; 2 Kings 24:14-16) about 597 BC.
The book Ezra contains memorabilia connected with the Jews, from the decree of Cyrus (536 BC) to the reformation by Ezra (456 BC), extending over a period of about eighty years. Ezra was probably the author of this book, at least of the greater part of it, as he was also of the Books of Chronicles, the close of which forms the opening passage of Ezra.
The Book of Haggai is a book of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and of the Old Testament, written by the prophet Haggai. It was written in 520 BC some 18 years after Cyrus had conquered Babylon and issued a decree in 538 BC allowing the captive Jews to return to Judea. He saw the restoration of the temple as necessary for the restoration of the religious practices and a sense of people-hood after a long exile.
Zechariah’s ministry took place during the reign of Darius the Great (Zechariah 1:1), and was contemporary with Haggai in a post-exilic world after the fall of Jerusalem in 586/7 BC. Ezekiel and Jeremiah wrote prior to the fall of Jerusalem, while continuing to prophesy in the earlier exile period. Scholars believe Ezekiel, with his blending of ceremony and vision, heavily influenced the visionary works of Zechariah 1-8. Zechariah is specific about dating his writing (520-518 BC).
Malachi (or Malachias, Mál'akhî) is a book of the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh, written by the prophet Malachi. Possibly this is not the name of the author, since Malachi means 'my messenger' or 'my angel' in Hebrew. There are very few historical details in the book of Malachi. The greatest clue as to its dating may lie in the fact that the Persian-era term for governor (pehâ) is used in 1:8. This points to a post-exilic date of composition both because of the use of the Persian period term and because Judah had a king before the exile. Since, in the same verse, the temple has been rebuilt, the book must also be later than 515 BC. Malachi was apparently known to the author of Ecclesiasticus early in the Second Century BC. Because of the development of themes in the book of Malachi, most scholars assign it to a position between Haggai and Zechariah, slightly before Nehemiah came to Jerusalem in 445 BC.
The author of Chronicles, termed "the Chronicler," may also have written Ezra-Nehemiah. His work is an important source of information about Israel after the Babylonian exile. The time of the composition of the Chronicles is believed to have been subsequent to the Babylonian Captivity, possibly between 450 - 435 BC.
If Nehemiah was the author, the date at which the book was written was probably about 431 - 430 BC, when Nehemiah had returned the second time to Jerusalem after his visit to Persia. Nehemiah is a book of the Hebrew Bible, known to Jews as the Tanach and to Christians as the Old Testament. It is historically regarded as a continuation of the Book of Ezra, and is sometimes called the second book of Ezra.
Esther is usually dated to the third or fourth century BCE. Jewish tradition regards it as a redaction by the Great Assembly of an original text written by Mordecai (350 BC). The Greek additions to Esther (which do not appear in the Jewish/Hebrew; "Additions to Esther" ) are dated to the 2nd century BC.
NOW TURNING TO THE "New Testament" :
The Epistle of James is a book in the Christian New Testament. The author identifies himself as "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ", traditionally understood as James the Just, the brother of Jesus. James the Just as the author and dates the writing of the epistle between AD 47.
The first letter to the Thessalonians was likely the first of Paul's letters, probably written by the end of A.D. 52, making it, so far as is now known, the oldest extant Christian document after the Epistle of James (almost all scholars hold that the gospels were written over a decade later). It was written after Timothy had returned from Macedonia, relating the state of the church in Thessalonica (Acts 18:1-5; 1 Thes. 3:6).
The second letter to the Thessalonians, also known as the Second Letter to the Thessalonians, is a book from the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is traditionally attributed to Paul, because it begins, "Paul, and Silvanus, and Timothy, unto the church of the Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ;" (2 Thess. 1:1) and ends, "The salutation of Paul with mine own hand, which is the token in every epistle: so I write" (2 Thess. 3:17). (dated apx. AD 52 – 53)
The first letter to the Corinthians, The epistle was written from Ephesus (16:8). According to Acts of the Apostles, Paul founded the church in Corinth (Acts 18:10-17), then spent approximately three years in Ephesus (Acts 19:8, 19:10, 20:31). The letter was written during this time in Ephesus, which is usually dated as being in the range of 53 to 57 AD.
The second letter to the Corinthians is a book in the New Testament, written by Paul the Apostle. Paul writes 2 Corinthians, indicating his desire to visit the Corinthian church a third time (2 Cor 12:14, 2 Cor 13:1). The letter doesn't indicate where he is writing from, but it is usually dated after Paul left Ephesus for Macedonia (Acts 20), from either Philippi Thessalonica in Macedonia. Paul presumably made the third visit after writing 2 Corinthians, because Acts 20:2-3 indicates he spent 3 months in Greece. In his letter to Rome, written at this time, he sent salutations from some of the principal members of the church to the Romans is usually dated as being in the range of AD 53 - 57.
The letter to the Galatians is a book of the New Testament. It is a letter from Paul of Tarsus to a number of early Christian communities in the Roman province of Galatia in central Anatolia. It is principally concerned with the controversy surrounding Gentile Christians and the Mosaic Law within Early Christianity. Along with the Epistle to the Romans, it is the most theologically significant of the Pauline epistles, written in the winter of AD 57–58, during Paul's stay in Corinth (Acts 20:2–3).
Romans: The precise time at which it was written is not mentioned in the epistle, but it was obviously written when the collection for Jerusalem had been assembled and Paul was about to "go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints", that is, at the close of his second visit to Greece, during the winter preceding his last visit to that city (Rom 15:25; cf. Acts 19:21; (Rom 20:2-3, 20:16; 1 Cor 16:1-4) early in AD 58.
The letter to the Ephesians: If we accept that Paul was the author, then it was probably written from Rome during Paul's first imprisonment (3:1; 4:1; 6:20), and probably soon after his arrival there in the year AD 62, four years after he had parted with the Ephesian elders at Miletus.
The letter to Philippians (or simply Philippians) is a book included in the New Testament of the Bible. It is a letter from Paul to the church of Philippi. It is one of the authentic Pauline epistles, written AD 62.
The letter to the Colossians: Ostensibly it was written by Paul at Rome during his first imprisonment there (Acts 28:16, 30), probably in the spring of AD 57, or, as some scholars think, AD 62 (this being the most likely date), and soon after he had written his Epistle to Ephesians.
The letter to Philemon: Paul, who is apparently in prison (probably in either Rome or Ephesus), writes to a fellow-Christian Philemon and two of his associates. (If the letter to the Colossians is authentic, then Philemon must live in Colossae.) Paul writes on behalf of Philemon's slave (or brother depending on interpretation), Onesimus. Beyond that, it is not self-evident as to what has transpired. Onesimus is described as having been 'separated' from Philemon, once having been 'useless' to him (a pun on Onesimus's name, which means 'useful'), and having done him wrong. (written about AD 62)
The first letter to Timothy is one of three letters in New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the Pastoral Epistles. It was most likely written toward the end of Paul's ministry, AD 62-67.
The letter to Titus is a book of the canonic New Testament, one of the three so-called "pastoral epistles" (with 1 Timothy and 2 Timothy). It is offered as a letter from Paul to the Apostle Titus. Its purpose is to describe the requirements and duties of elders. Was most likely written toward the end of Paul's ministry, AD 62-67, before the Book to the HEBREWS in AD 64.
Hebrews has been dated to shortly after the Pauline epistles were collected and began to circulate, AD 62 – 67, some time in the area of AD 64 – 65. Most modern scholars, both conservative and critical, believe its author was not Paul. I agree. Possible author could be the Apostle Nathanael (Bartholomew) which means the gift of God.
The first letter of Peter The author identifies himself in the opening verse as "Peter, an apostle of Jesus", and the view that the epistle was written by Peter who was martyred AD 64, the date of this epistle is probably between AD 60-64.
The second letter of Peter: The dating of this epistle has proved very difficult. Commentaries and reference books have placed 2 Peter in almost every decade from AD 60 – 64.
The brief letter of Jude The epistle is titled as written by "Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James" If taken literally this means that the author is a brother of Jesus, an attribution which is now increasingly considered as the most probable, conservative scholars date it between AD 66-67.
The second letter to Timothy as having been written late in Paul's life, AD 60-67, during a period of imprisonment.
The Gospel according to Matthew There is little in the gospel itself to indicate with clarity the date of its composition. The majority of scholars date the gospel between the years AD 60-70.
The Gospel according to Luke, (maybe the Gospel of Paul) While some scholars argue for a pre-70 date for when the gospel was written, most scholars place the date AD 80-90.
The Acts of the Apostles Norman Geisler dates the book of Acts being written between AD 60-62 for a number of reasons. Guthrie notes that the absence of any mention of the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 would be unlikely if the book were written afterwards. He also suggests that since the book does not mention the death of Paul, a central character in the final chapters, it was likely penned before his death. I agree.
The Gospel According to Mark, (maybe the Gospel of Peter) anonymously written but traditionally ascribed to Mark the Evangelist. Mark may be the one spoken of in Mk 14:51-52. Traditionally, (John) Mark was said to have been written sometime after the death of Peter which was stated of have occurred in Rome either in AD 64 or 67. Mark was said to have been a disciple of Peter's who did not personally witness any of these events he described, but recalled and wrote down what Peter had told him.
The first Epistle of John is a book of the New Testament, and is the fourth or "general" epistles. Written in Ephesus about AD 90-110, the epistle is traditionally attributed to the same author who wrote the Gospel of John and the other two epistles of John.
The second & third Epistle of John was likely written between A. D. 90-110.
The Gospel According to John (literally, According to John; Greek, Kata Ioannen) is the fourth gospel in the canon of the New Testament, traditionally ascribed to John the Evangelist. Most scholars agree on a range of AD 90–100 for when the gospel was written. There are critical scholars who are of the opinion that John was composed in stages (probably two or three), beginning at an unknown time (AD 50–70?) and culminating in a final text around AD 95–100. This date is assumed in large part because John 21, the so-called "appendix" to John, is largely concerned with explaining the death of the "beloved disciple", supposedly the leader of the Johannine community that would have produced the text. If this leader had been a follower of Jesus, or a disciple of one of Jesus' followers, then a death around AD 90–100 is reasonable.
The Book of Revelation of Jesus, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John, from Greek (Apokalupsis Ioannou), and Revelation of Jesus Christ is the last canonical book of the New Testament in the Bible. According to early tradition, the writing of this book took place near the very end of Domitian's reign, around 95 or 96. Those who are in favor of the later date appeal to the external testimony of the Christian father Irenaeus, who stated that he had received information relative to this book from those who had seen John face to face. He says that "it was seen not very long time since, but almost in our day, towards the end of Domitian's reign".
Well my son, now that I have a reasonable translation, into my language, of the testimonies of God in the order it was given from Him, I sat down to hear what He has to say. As I did I came to a STOP almost before I got started. He said that every living thing has a “soul of life”? WOW !!! And that He
“blessed them” ? Problem in my mind. I knew that what was being preached in man’s religions was “only man has a soul” and “being blessed” means you “get things”. If man is right then I have found God a liar. Or man is a liar !!! With man’s history I’m giving God the benefit of the doubt.
Then the next thing I heard (read) is, God finished all His work and the seventh day and rested. But this day was NOT Sunday, it was translated “ShBT”. Now I know that Sabbath is the root to sabbatical, meaning rest and refresh your mind. So my son I went no further. I said (in my mind) God what’s so important about this day that you make such a point of it your testimony? "He said I sanctified this day above all others because of YOU". I thought me? Then it came to me that when all the evidence has been presented to the jury, the jurors are to “sanctify” themselves from the world in order to review the evidence given them. So I put down God’s testimony and said help me understand what your saying? Then I remembered He said He would change my mind.
For the next few days I let that sink in and again while I was riding my bike this thought came to me. “Give me seven (7) days hearing my testimony as a juror does and your life will be changed forever”. Then I said, self, what does this mean?
Then I remembered a murder trial I observed when you were very young and I first started Law School. The trial was in Brooksville and at the end of the closing arguments the jurors were locked in (“sanctify”) the jury room over a few days for a period of twelve hours each day until they rendered a verdict. (After all they were deciding a man’s life or death) Then it hit me like a wind in a Hurricane. “Give me seven days in a row with your undivided attention” (like a “sanctified” jury), is what God was asking of me. WOW !!! I said ok.
So son as you know for the next seven Saturdays after I assembled God’s testimony into the order he gave it (as you can see when man put these two Testimonies into one book they did it their way not God’s way) I started hearing what he had to say. WOW !!!
In the first part (Old Testament) God says He created man to “keep it”, keep what ? the Garden (earth)? So son that tells me God has a goal for all He created. Man was the main purpose of His goal.
The following revelation I got about hearing God’s testimony was that if I heard (read) one page every six (6) minutes and did this for a twelve (12) hour period on the 1st day, it would take me six (6) days to hear (read) God’s first (Old) testimony and then on the seventh day I could hear His Son’s testimony the second (New) part.
However, because the second part was 300 pages I did not finish the second part on the seventh day. But I had already change my mind and needed to finish hearing (reading) what the first begotten Son of God has to say. I found it interesting that Hebrew males were circumcised on the eight (8th) day. I guess son, I too was circumcised in my heart (mind) on that eight (8th) day. Praised Christ.
If you choose to read on in my testimony what you will read is the revelation on God’s goal that I was given. Don’t believe me even though I’m you father for I’m only a man. I would challenge you to do what I did and set down with a TRUE copy of God’s testimony for seven (7) days as I described above and you will hear God and His Son for yourself. What have you got to loose? Your life !!! In his testimony God though His Son, Christ stated
“the anointing which you received from Him abides in you, and you have no need that anyone teach you, but the same anointing teaches you concerning all things, and is true, and is not a lie, and as He taught you, abide in Him (1 Jon 2:27) knowing this first, that every prophecy of Scripture did not come into being of its own interpretation; for prophecy was not at any time borne by the will of man, but being borne along by the Special Breath, Special men of God spoke. (2Pet 1:20-21) All Scripture is God-Breathed and profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, so that the man of God may be complete, having been fully equipped for every good work."(2Tim 3:16-17)
So I listened to His testimony and on the last page of the second part (New Testament) I heard the goal of God.
”And I saw a new heaven and a new land, for the first heaven and the first land passed away, and the sea not still is. And I, John, saw the Special city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of Heaven from God, having been prepared as a bride, having been adorned for her Husband. And I heard a great voice out of Heaven, saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God with men! And He will tabernacle with them, and they will be His peoples, and God Himself will be with them as their God. (Rev 21:1-3) I am the Aleph and the Taw, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last. Blessed are the ones doing His directions, that will be their right over the Tree of Life, and by the gates they may enter into the city. But outside are the dogs and the sorcerers, and the fornicators, and the murderers, and the idolaters, and every one loving a lie, and making a lie.” (Rev 22:13-15)
Son I have much more to say to you and when we come together I will speak face to face.
Love Dad
If you have read all the way to here I pray you take the seven day challenge and hear (read) God’s testimony. Pray for understanding and wisdom from HIM. Not in persuasive words of human wisdom, but in proof of HIS power.
May our Lord the Christ bless you and pour His Peace out on you to our Father Amen.
Rich Friedel, servant to the Lord The Christ the Son of God.
